STEMM Institute Press
Science, Technology, Engineering, Management and Medicine
Analysis of Disagreement Expression Strategies Based on Minzhuhu Forum
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62517/jmsd.202512409
Author(s)
Jing Zhao
Affiliation(s)
Chongqing Business Vocational College, Chongqing, China
Abstract
Through investigating the disagreement expression strategies based on data from Minzhuhu Forum, guided by Rees-Miller’s taxonomy of disagreement, this paper aims to summarize the strategies currently used in expressing opposite idea and find out the most frequently used one in the context of computer-mediated communication or online communication by calculating the frequency of each strategy, thus to promote understanding of disagreement expression as well as improve harmonious communication. After analyzing the collected data, it is obvious to find out that softened disagreement occupies the highest using percentage compared with aggravated disagreement and disagreement neither softened nor strengthened, because speakers try to take the addressees’ face needs into consideration during online communication. Besides, the strategies adopted are not entirely the same with Rees-Miller’s taxonomy, with some strategies not found, and some new strategies added. In the category of disagreement neither softened nor strengthened, giving personal experience is the most frequently adopted strategy. Using of downtoners is the most commonly occurring strategy among softened disagreement, while in aggravated disagreement expression, rhetorical questions and intensifiers are the two most widely used strategies.
Keywords
Softened Disagreement; Aggravated Disagreement; Disagreement Neither Softened nor Strengthened; Expression Strategy; Online Communication
References
[1] Smith, Eliot R & Mackie, Diane M., (2000). Social Psychology. Hove: Psychology Press. [2] Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books. [3] Grimshaw, A.D. (1990). Conflict Talk: Sociolinguistic investigations of arguments in conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [4] Brown, P. & Levinson, S. (1987). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In: Goody, E. N. (eds.) Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [5] Brown, P. & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [6] Stalpers, J. (1995). The expression of disagreement. In K. Ehlich & J. Wagner (Eds.), The discourse of business negotiation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. [7] Rees-Miller, J. (2000). Power, severity, and context in disagreement. Journal of Pragmatics, (32): 1087-1111. [8] Sornig, K. (1977). Disagreement and contradiction as communicative acts. Journal of Pragmatics, (1): 347-374. [9] Schiffrin, D. (1984). Jewish arguments as sociability. Language in Society, (13); 311-335 [10] Pomerantz, A. (1984). Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (eds.). Structure of social action: Studies in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [11] Beebe, L, Takahashi, T. (1993). Cross-linguistic influence in the speech act of correction. In G. Kasper & S. Blum-Kulka (eds.). Interlanguage pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [12] Holtgraves, T. (1997). Yes, but positive politeness in conversation arguments. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, (16): 222-239. [13] Obaida Mohammed Chaqmaqchee, Zainab Faiz Jasim (2022) EFL Undergraduate Learners‟ Politeness Strategies in the Speech Act of Disagreement. World Journal of English Language, 12(8): 1-8. [14] Ishtiaq, M., Gul, N., & Iqbal, S.W. (2022). An Analysis of the Participants’ Disagreement Strategies in Computer-mediated Intercultural Communication (CMIC). Global Sociological Review, VII(II), 149-158. [15] Lukman L., Andi M., Haryeni H. & Indarwati I. (2024). Addressing and Politeness Strategies in Lecturer-Student Interaction in the WhatsApp Platform: A pragmatics perspective. Journal of Ecohumanism 3(4): 2169-2187. [16] Du, J.S. (1995). Performance of face-threatening acts in Chinese: Complaining, giving bad news, and disagreeing. In G. Kasper (ed.). Pragmatics of Chinese as a native and target language. Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i. [17] Liang, G, Han D. (2003). A Contrastive Study on Disagreement Strategies for Politeness between American English & Mandarin Chinese. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. University of Science and Technology of China. [18] Guo, J.Y. (2004). A Pragmatic Analysis of Disagreement in Chinese Pedagogical Context. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. Shanxi University. [19] Wan, W.M. (2006). A Study on Politeness Strategies of Disagreement in Chinese. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. Shandong University. [20] Zhang, H.L. (2006). A Contrastive Study on Disagreement Strategies in Family and TV Debate Show Contexts. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. Beijing Language and Culture University. [21] Zhang, H.L. (2008). Analysis of Speech Strategies for Expressing Disagreement in Chinese. Journal of Jilin Provincial Institute of Education. (24):95-97. [22] Winnie, S., & Cynthia, L. (2013). (Im) politeness and disagreement in two Hong Kong Internet discussion forums. Journal of Pragmatics, (50): 52-83. [23] Liu, Y. (2021). An Exploration of the Influences of a Third Party on Chinese College Students' Speech Act of Disagreement. Overseas English, (12), 3. [24] Huang, W.J. (2021). A Corpus-based Contrastive Analysis of Disagreement in English and Chinese Linguistics Book Reviews. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. [25] Zhang, H.Y. (2022). A Study of Disagreement Related to Different Power Relations in Chinese Job-Hunting Reality Show. Unpublished dissertation for Master’s degree. Wuhan University. [26] Sacks, H. (1987). On the preferences for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversations, Button and Lee (eds.). Talk and social organization. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. [27] Labov, W., & D. Fanshel. (1977). Therapeutic Discourse. New York: Academic Press. [28] Locher, Miriam A. (2004). Power and Politeness in Action: Disagreement in Oral Communication. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [29] McHoul, Alec W. (1987). An initial investigation of the usability of fictional conversation for doing conversational analysis. Semiotica, (67): 83-108. [30] Culpeper, J. (1996). Towards an anatomy of impoliteness. Journal of Pragmatics, (3): 349-367.
Copyright @ 2020-2035 STEMM Institute Press All Rights Reserved